英文法、7.主被動

 7.主被動

主動語態：主詞是動作執行者     

被動語態：句子的主詞是動作承受者，必為  be 動詞＋過去分詞，(可加by

              The classrooms are cleaned every evening.

            間接受詞改為被動語態的主詞，直接受詞仍保留原位

                My father was bought a present by my sister. 

            直接受詞改為被動語態的主詞，間接受詞前加介系詞 to 或 for

                A big assignment in science was given to us by the teacher. 

            * let 當「允許, 讓」時，不可轉被動語態，需用 allow 取代 let

                Since Nicole was sick, she was allowed to leave early.

            *不及物動詞不能用於被動語態或進行式

               The meeting was lasted two hours.   The meeting lasted two hours.

現在式被動：(am / are /is )  + 過去分詞

過去式被動：(was /were ) + 過去分詞

未來是被動：(will / shall )  be  + 過去分詞

現在完成被動式：(have/ has)   been + 過去分詞

                The contract has been signed.

過去完成被動式：had   been + 過去分詞

                A letter had been written by Anna when I visited her.

未來完成被動式：will have been + 過去分詞

          The building will have been completed by next year

現在進行被動式：(am / are /is ) being + 過去分詞

            MRT lines are being built across Taipei city.

過去進行被動式：(was /were ) being + 過去分詞

            Tennis rackets were being made in that factory before it closed.

        表現在：情態助動詞 +  be + 過去分詞

                        She will be invited to the picnic by her friends.

        表過去：情態助動詞 +  have been+ 過去分詞

                        This museum must have been built in the 1930s.

以被動式表主動的部分常見動詞：

          be  [acquainted （認識）covered  （覆蓋）satisfied   （滿意）]      with

          be  [astonished（吃驚）disappointed（失望）        情緒詞        ]       at     

          be  [interested（感興趣）engaged  （從事於）]                                 in    

          be  [accustomed / use（習慣）devoted （獻身於）known (所知）]  to     

                          I was surprised at the news.

            

6.動詞時態    ↼   7.主被動    ⇀ 8.助動詞